Daily routines and reflexive verbs

Every day we perform many everyday actions: we wake up, wash, dress, eat, work and go to sleep. But how do we describe these actions in Italian? 
Let's see together how to describe our day, step by step, using verbs that express actions do"on ourselves".

Reflexive verbs and daily actions

Many daily actions use reflexive verbs, which indicate an action that falls on the person who is doing it. 

For example:

• Svegliarsi (to wake up) → Io mi sveglio alle 7:00. (I wake up at 7 a.m.)
• Alzarsi (to get up) → Tu ti alzi presto? (Do you get up early?)
• Lavarsi (to wash oneself) → Lui si lava le mani prima di mangiare. (He washes his hands before eating)
• Vestirsi (to get dressed) → Noi ci vestiamo velocemente. (We get dressed quickly)
• Rilassarsi (to relax) → Voi vi rilassate la sera? (Do you relax in the evening?)
• Addormentarsi (to fall asleep) → Loro si addormentano tardi. (They fall asleep late)

In Italian, we use reflexive verbs to describe many actions in our daily lives. This means that we always need to use a reflexive pronoun (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) with the verb to indicate that the action reflects back on the subject.

What are reflexive verbs?

Reflexive verbs indicate that the action is performed by the subject and affects the subject itself.
Click here to learn more about this topic. 

For example:

• Mi sveglio

The action of waking up (svegliarsi) is performed by me and at the same time affects me personally.

A reminder of the use of reflexive pronouns:

io → mi

tu → ti

lui/lei → si

noi → ci

voi → vi

loro → si

These pronouns go before the verb when it is conjugated. The verb "svegliarsi" in its infinitive form includes the reflexive pronoun "si" at the end. When it is conjugated, the pronoun moves in front of the verb and changes depending on the subject.

Reflexive verbs are made up of two parts:

1. The reflexive pronoun (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si)
2. The verb conjugated in the correct form (mi sveglio, ti svegli...)

Let's look at an example with the verb svegliarsi  in the present indicative:

Io mi sveglio

Tu ti svegli

Lui/lei si sveglia

Noi ci svegliamo

Voi vi svegliate

Loro si svegliano

The three families of reflexive verbs

Like all Italian verbs, reflexive verbs are divided into three groups  based on their infinitive endings (click here to learn more about the three families of verbs in Italian):

-ARE → svegliarsi, alzarsi, lavarsi

-ERE → mettersi, accorgersi, vedersi

-IRE → vestirsi, divertirsi, addormentarsi

Some examples:

-ARE 

svegliarsi → mi sveglio, ti svegli, si sveglia, ci svegliamo, vi svegliate, si svegliano

alzarsi → mi alzo, ti alzi, si alza, ci alziamo, vi alzate, si alzano

lavarsi → mi lavo, ti lavi, si lava, ci laviamo, vi lavate, si lavano

-ERE 

mettersi → mi metto, ti metti, si mette, ci mettiamo, vi mettete, si mettono

accorgersi → mi accorgo, ti accorgi, si accorge, ci accorgiamo, vi accorgete, si accorgono

vedersi → mi vedo, ti vedi, si vede, ci vediamo, vi vedete, si vedono

 -IRE 

vestirsi → mi vesto, ti vesti, si veste, ci vestiamo, vi vestite, si vestono

divertirsi → mi diverto, ti diverti, si diverte, ci divertiamo, vi divertite, si divertono

addormentarsi → mi addormento, ti addormenti, si addormenta, ci addormentiamo, vi addormentate, si addormentano

Knowing which family a verb belongs to helps us to conjugate it correctly.

Conjugating verbs after a reflexive pronoun

Now that we have seen how verbs are divided into three groups, let's see how to apply these rules to correctly conjugate reflexive verb.

When using a reflexive verb, the verb that follows the pronoun must be conjugated according to the correct tense and person. In short, this means that you simply take the conjugation of the regular verb and add the appropriate reflexive pronoun (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) before it. 

For example, starting with the verb svegliare (to wake someone up), which belongs to the -are verb family. If we conjugate it in the present indicative (without reflexive pronouns), we get:

• io sveglio (I wake someone up)

• tu svegli (you wake someone up)

• lui/lei sveglia (he/she wakes someone up)

To form the reflexive version (svegliarsi – to wake up oneself), we simply add the reflexive pronoun before the verb:

• io mi sveglio (I wake up)

• tu ti svegli (you wake up)

• lui/lei si sveglia (he/she wakes up)

Knowing the three-family rule (-are, -ere, -ire) is very important because it not only allows us to form the present tense correctly, but also applies to other verb tenses. For example, in the passato prossimo (present perfect), we follow the same pattern:

• io ho svegliato (I woke someone up) → io mi sono svegliato/a (I woke up)

• tu hai svegliato (you woke someone up) → tu ti sei svegliato/a (you woke up)

• lui/lei ha svegliato (he/she woke someone up) → lui/lei si è svegliato/a (he/she woke up)

So, once you know how to conjugate regular verbs, you can easily form reflexive verbs by just adding the correct reflexive pronoun!

In summary, knowing which family the verb belongs to allows us to:

1. Conjugate correctly the present indicative after the reflexive pronoun (e.g. mi sveglio).
2. Apply the same rules to the formation of other tenses, such as the present perfect or simple past in English (e.g., I have woken up / I woke up for mi sono svegliata in Italian).

This knowledge is essential for speaking Italian correctly and fluently, both when describing everyday actions and when dealing with other verb tenses in the future.

Describing daily actions

Now let's put all this information together to talk about our day. Imagine a typical day and try to describe it step by step!

The first step in our day is to wake up (svegliarsi), but watch out! In Italian we say 'io mi sveglio' and not just 'io sveglio' because the action is on us.

After waking up, we get up (ci alziamo) and so on.

For example:

La mattina

• Mi sveglio alle 7:00. (I wake up at 7:00.)

• Mi alzo dal letto. (I get up from bed.)

• Mi lavo il viso e i denti. (I wash my face and teeth.)

• Mi vesto velocemente. (I get dressed quickly.)

During the day we continue with many activities:

Il pomeriggio

• Pranzo alle 13:00 e poi mi riposo un po'. (I have lunch at 1:00 p.m. and then I rest a bit.)

• Mi metto le scarpe e vado a fare una passeggiata. (I put on my shoes and go for a walk.)

• Mi siedo e leggo un libro. (I sit down and read a book.)

• Mi preparo per andare in palestra. (I get ready to go to the gym.)

La sera

• Mi rilasso e guardo la TV. (I relax and watch TV.)

• Mi lavo prima di andare a dormire. (I wash myself before going to sleep.)

• Mi metto il pigiama e vado a letto. (I put on my pyjamas and go to bed.)

• Mi addormento intorno alle 22:00. (I fall asleep around 10:00 p.m.)

In this way, each action is expressed clearly and evenly, using reflexive verbs to emphasise that the actions are performed on ourselves. Following the three-family rule makes it easier to conjugate verbs in the present tense and in other tenses in the future.

Now it's your turn! Write a short text about your day in Italian. Use at least 5 reflexive verbs, like svegliarsi, vestirsi, rilassarsi. You can use my example to help you!

For example:

I wake up at 7.30, then I wash my face and get dressed. I go to school and study for three hours. After lunch I relax and watch television. In the evening I take a shower and go to bed early.

Write your daily routine in the comments using at least 5 reflexive verbs. I'll read them and help you out!😊

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Learning Italian on your own requires commitment and dedication, but with the right strategies and resources, you can achieve your goal. Remember to have fun during the process and celebrate every little bit of progress. Enjoy your journey towards learning Italian!

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